Want to find your lens? Five questions, no jargon — they tell you which of four reads fits how you already think.
This price needs ~-2%/yr of free-cash-flow growth.
Every fair-value number — ours included — starts from a guess about the future. This one runs the other direction: it takes today's price as fixed and works out what free-cash-flow growth rate would have to be true for that price to make sense. We're not forecasting it. We're reading it off the price that's already there.
Implied vs. delivered
The company has already grown free cash flow faster than this — 11.5%/yr over the last three years against the ~-2%/yr priced in. The price isn't asking for more than the company has already delivered.
How this is computed. Two-stage DCF, solved backwards: 9% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth, holding fair value equal to today's price and solving for the stage-1 free-cash-flow growth rate that makes the arithmetic balance. Fair value is based on typical free cash flow over the last five years ($16.3B), not the latest year ($21.9B), which sat 35% above the company's own norm. Price of $26.49 taken 2026-09-04 (Google Finance, manual entry, 2026-08-28) — not live, does not move during the day.
TickerMath is an educational tool, not investment advice — it computes one model from SEC filings and can be wrong. How we compute this →